Tabla de retroceso por calibre

La tercera ley de Newton dice: con toda acción ocurre siempre una reacción igual y contraria. Esto hace que la acción producida para impulsar la bala genere una reacción igual y contraria conocida como retroceso.

Habremos escuchado entre nuestros amigos cazadores, diferentes percepciones del retroceso. Para algunos, un arma puede tener un retroceso fuerte, mientras que para otros, puede estar dentro de lo tolerable. Esto se debe a que la percepción del retroceso es una cuestión muy subjetiva, en la que influyen muchas variantes. Dos de las más importantes son: cómo se nos ajusta el arma y la forma de la culata. Una de las principales maneras de suavizar el retroceso es la colocación de una cantonera.

Buscando información en páginas americanas hemos encontrado una tabla sobre el retroceso, en la que se incluyen calibres muy habituales en España tanto para montería (30.06 o 300 Win. Mag.) como para rececho (243 Win. o 270 Win.). En la tabla se nos indica el calibre, los grains, la energía de retroceso y la velocidad de retroceso.

-Grains: es una unidad de medida de masa. 1 grains corresponde a 64.8 miligramos.

-Energía de retroceso:  determina la dureza con la que nos llega el golpe.

-Velocidad de retroceso: determina la percepción del golpe en el hombre.

Los calibres en negrita son, por regla general, de los más conocidos en nuestro país. Los datos son orientativos ya que no se pueden extrapolar a armas y munición diferentes a los de la prueba.

Descargar tabla en pdf.

Calibre

Velocidad de salida (m/s)

Grains

Peso del rifle (kg)

Energía de retroceso (J)

Velocidad retroceso (m/s)

.17 HMR

13,4379

17

3,402

0,27116359

n/a

.17 Rem.

15,22962

25

3,8556

2,16930872

13,825728

.204 Ruger

15,22962

33

3,8556

3,52512667

17,3809152

.218 Bee

15,22962

45

3,8556

1,76256333

12,2456448

.22 LR

7,16688

40

1,8144

0,27116359

n/a

.22 WMR

12,09411

40

3,0618

0,54232718

n/a

.22 Hornet

13,4379

45

3,402

1,76256333

13,0356864

.22 PPC

15,22962

52

3,8556

4,06745384

18,9609984

.221 Fireball

15,22962

50

3,8556

2,44047231

14,6157696

.222 Rem.

13,4379

50

3,402

4,06745384

20,1460608

.223 Rem.

15,22962

45

3,8556

3,52512667

17,775936

.223 Rem.

14,33376

55

3,6288

4,33861743

20,1460608

.223 Rem.

12,54204

62

3,1752

5,28769

23,701248

.22-250 Rem.

15,22962

55

3,8556

6,37234436

23,701248

.22-250 Rem.

22,3965

60

5,67

4,20303564

15,800832

.220 Swift

18,81306

50

4,7628

5,01652641

18,9609984

.220 Swift

15,22962

55

3,8556

7,18583513

25,2813312

.223 WSSM

13,4379

55

3,402

8,67723487

29,2315392

6mm PPC

13,4379

85

3,402

7,18583513

n/a

.243 Win.

15,22962

75

3,8556

9,76188923

29,2315392

.243 Win.

12,98997

95

3,2886

14,9139974

39,1070592

.243 Win.

13,4379

100

3,402

11,9311979

34,3668096

6mm Rem.

14,33376

100

3,6288

13,5581795

35,551872

.243 WSSM

13,4379

100

3,402

13,6937613

36,7369344

.240 Wby. Mag.

14,33376

100

3,6288

24,2691413

n/a

.25-20 Win.

11,64618

86

2,9484

1,76256333

13,825728

.25-35 Win.

11,64618

117

2,9484

9,49072564

32,7867264

.250 Savage

13,4379

100

3,402

10,57538

32,3917056

.257 Roberts

13,4379

100

3,402

12,6091069

35,1568512

.257 Roberts

14,33376

120

3,6288

14,507252

36,7369344

.25 WSSM

12,98997

120

3,2886

18,7102877

43,8473088

.25-06 Rem.

14,33376

100

3,6288

14,9139974

37,1319552

.25-06 Rem.

14,33376

120

3,6288

16,9477244

39,50208

.257 Wby. Mag.

16,57341

100

4,1958

21,4219236

41,477184

.257 Wby. Mag.

16,57341

115

4,1958

23,9979777

43,8473088

.257 Wby. Mag.

16,57341

120

4,1958

20,472851

40,6871424

6.5mm Grendel

13,4379

120

3,402

12,0667797

34,7618304

6.5×55 Swede

14,33376

129

3,6288

16,9477244

39,50208

6.5×55 Swede

16,12548

140

4,0824

14,3716703

34,3668096

.260 Rem.

13,4379

120

3,402

17,6256333

41,8722048

.260 Rem.

14,78169

140

3,7422

16,1342336

38,3170176

6.5mm-284 Norma

14,33376

140

3,6288

19,9305238

43,0572672

6.5mm Rem. Mag.

14,33376

120

3,6288

17,7612151

40,6871424

6.5mm Rem. Mag.

15,22962

140

3,8556

18,8458695

40,6871424

6.5×68 S

15,22962

140

3,8556

22,7777415

44,6373504

.264 Win. Mag.

15,22962

140

3,8556

26,0317046

47,7975168

6.8mm Rem. SPC

13,4379

115

3,402

10,8465436

32,7867264

.270 Win.

14,33376

130

3,6288

22,3709961

n/a

.270 Win.

14,33376

140

3,6288

23,1844869

46,2174336

.270 Win.

14,33376

150

3,6288

23,0489051

46,2174336

.270 WSM

14,33376

130

3,6288

25,3537956

48,5875584

.270 WSM

14,33376

150

3,6288

25,6249592

48,5875584

.270 Wby.

16,12548

130

4,0824

28,4721769

48,5875584

.270 Wby. Mag.

16,57341

150

4,1958

24,1335595

43,8473088

7-30 Waters

12,54204

120

3,1752

13,5581795

37,9219968

7×57 Mauser

15,67755

139

3,969

15,86307

36,7369344

7×57 Mauser

15,22962

145

3,8556

17,6256333

39,1070592

7×57 Mauser

14,33376

160

3,6288

19,3881967

n/a

7×57 Mauser

14,33376

175

3,6288

21,0151782

44,2423296

7mm-08 Rem.

13,4379

120

3,402

16,4053972

40,2921216

7mm-08 Rem.

14,33376

140

3,6288

17,0833061

39,8971008

.284 Win

13,4379

150

3,402

23,5912323

n/a

7×64

14,33376

154

3,6288

24,2691413

n/a

.280 Rem.

14,33376

140

3,6288

23,3200687

46,6124544

.280 Rem.

14,33376

150

3,6288

23,5912323

46,6124544

.280 Rem.

14,33376

160

3,6288

23,0489051

46,2174336

7mm Rem. SAUM

14,33376

160

3,6288

29,1500859

52,1427456

7mm WSM

14,33376

160

3,6288

28,0654315

50,9576832

7mm WSM

14,33376

140

3,6288

29,6924131

52,5377664

7mm Rem. Mag.

16,12548

160

4,0824

26,1672864

46,6124544

7mm Rem. Mag.

15,22962

150

3,8556

26,0317046

47,7975168

7mm Rem. Mag.

16,12548

160

4,0824

27,5231044

47,402496

7mm Rem. Mag.

16,12548

175

4,0824

29,4212495

49,3776

7mm Wby. Mag.

16,57341

140

4,1958

26,43845

46,2174336

7mm Wby. Mag.

16,12548

160

4,0824

34,7089395

53,327808

7mm STW

15,22962

160

3,8556

37,8273208

57,6730368

7mm Ultra Mag.

15,22962

140

3,8556

34,3021941

n/a

7mm Ultra Mag.

15,22962

160

3,8556

39,8610477

n/a

.30 Carbine

12,54204

110

3,1752

4,74536282

22,5161856

.30-30 Win.

13,4379

150

3,402

14,3716703

37,526976

.30-30 Win.

13,4379

160

3,402

17,2188879

41,477184

.30-30 Win.

13,4379

170

3,402

14,9139974

38,3170176

.30-40 Krag

14,33376

180

3,6288

22,5065779

n/a

.300 Sav.

13,4379

150

3,402

20,0661056

n/a

.307 Win.

13,4379

150

3,402

18,5747059

43,0572672

.308 Marlin Express

14,33376

160

3,6288

18,1679605

41,0821632

.308 Win.

13,4379

150

3,402

21,4219236

46,2174336

.308 Win.

13,4379

165

3,402

24,5403049

49,3776

.308 Win.

14,33376

180

3,6288

23,7268141

47,0074752

.30-06 Spfd.

14,33376

150

3,6288

23,8623959

47,0074752

.30-06 Spfd.

14,33376

165

3,6288

27,2519408

50,1676416

.30-06 Spfd.

14,33376

180

3,6288

27,5231044

50,5626624

.300 Rem. SAUM

14,78169

180

3,7422

31,8617218

53,7228288

.300 WSM

14,78169

150

3,7422

30,5059038

52,5377664

.300 WSM

12,98997

180

3,2886

36,7426664

61,228224

.300 WSM

14,78169

180

3,7422

32,2684672

53,7228288

.300 Win. Mag.

15,22962

150

3,8556

31,8617218

52,5377664

.300 Win. Mag.

14,33376

165

3,6288

35,5224302

57,278016

.300 Win. Mag.

15,22962

180

3,8556

35,1156849

55,302912

.300 Wby. Mag.

16,57341

150

4,1958

33,3531215

51,7477248

.300 Wby. Mag.

16,12548

180

4,0824

42,8438472

59,25312

.300 Ultra Mag.

15,22962

180

3,8556

44,4708287

62,4132864

.30-378 Wby. Mag.

17,46927

180

4,4226

57,7578446

66,3634944

7.62×39 Soviet

12,54204

125

3,1752

9,35514384

31,601664

7.62x54R Russian

16,12548

150

4,0824

17,7612151

38,3170176

7.62x54R Russian

16,12548

174

4,0824

20,3372692

41,0821632

7.65×53 Mauser

14,33376

180

3,6288

20,8795964

n/a

.303 British

13,4379

150

3,402

19,2526149

43,452288

.303 British

14,33376

180

3,6288

20,8795964

43,8473088

7.7×58 Jap

16,12548

150

4,0824

16,1342336

36,3419136

.32-20 Win.

11,64618

100

2,9484

4,47419923

n/a

.32 Spec.

12,54204

170

3,1752

16,540979

41,8722048

8x57JS Mauser

14,33376

150

3,6288

23,1844869

46,2174336

8×57 Mauser

14,33376

170

3,6288

18,4391241

41,0821632

8x57JS Mauser

14,33376

195

3,6288

25,082632

48,1925376

.325 WSM

13,4379

180

3,402

44,8775741

66,7585152

.325 WSM

13,4379

220

3,402

50,8431731

70,7087232

8x68S

15,22962

150

3,8556

34,3021941

54,9078912

8x68S

16,12548

200

4,0824

39,4543023

56,8829952

8mm Rem. Mag.

15,22962

200

3,8556

44,6064105

62,4132864

.338-57 O’Connor

14,33376

200

3,6288

26,0317046

48,9825792

.338 Marlin Express

14,33376

200

3,6288

21,9642508

45,0323712

.338 Marlin Express

14,33376

200

3,6288

29,8279949

55,302912

.338 Federal

12,54204

200

3,1752

30,0991585

56,4879744

.338 Federal

14,33376

210

3,6288

29,6924131

52,5377664

.338-06 A-Square

14,33376

200

3,6288

32,404049

54,9078912

.338-06 A-Square

15,22962

250

3,8556

38,2340661

57,6730368

.338 Win. Mag.

15,22962

200

3,8556

44,4708287

62,4132864

.338 Win. Mag.

15,22962

225

3,8556

47,7247918

64,3883904

.338 Win. Mag.

16,12548

250

4,0824

44,8775741

60,8332032

.338 Ultra Mag

15,22962

250

3,8556

58,4357536

n/a

.338 Lapua Mag.

17,02134

225

4,3092

50,4364277

62,8083072

.338-378 Wby. Mag.

21,05271

250

5,3298

55,7241177

59,25312

.340 Wby. Mag.

17,9172

200

4,536

40,1322113

54,5128704

.340 Wby. Mag.

16,12548

250

4,0824

58,842499

69,5236608

.348 Win.

14,33376

200

3,6288

32,1328854

n/a

.357 Mag.

12,54204

158

3,1752

6,37234436

26,0713728

.35 Rem.

13,4379

200

3,402

18,3035423

42,6622464

.356 Win.

13,4379

200

3,402

23,7268141

n/a

.358 Win.

14,33376

200

3,6288

28,3365951

51,352704

.358 Win.

13,7245752

250

3,474576

31,1838128

54,9078912

.35 Whelen

14,33376

200

3,6288

30,6414856

53,327808

.35 Whelen

14,33376

225

3,6288

33,8954487

56,0929536

.35 Whelen

13,4379

250

3,402

37,8273208

61,228224

.350 Rem. Mag.

15,22962

200

3,8556

30,2347402

51,352704

.350 Rem. Mag.

15,22962

225

3,8556

32,8107943

53,327808

.350 Rem. Mag.

15,22962

250

3,8556

39,3187205

58,4630784

9.3×62

15,22962

270

3,8556

45,1487377

n/a

9.3×62

16,12548

286

4,0824

37,9629026

55,6979328

9.3x74R

14,78169

286

3,7422

46,5045556

65,5734528

.370 Sako Mag.

15,22962

286

3,8556

47,7247918

64,3883904

.375 Win.

13,4379

220

3,402

23,1844869

47,7975168

.375 Ruger

16,12548

270

4,0824

55,9952813

67,9435776

.375 H&H Mag.

16,12548

235

4,0824

39,9966295

57,278016

.375 H&H Mag.

16,12548

270

4,0824

48,9450279

63,5983488

.375 H&H Mag.

16,12548

300

4,0824

50,5720095

64,3883904

.375 Ultra Mag

15,67755

300

3,969

72,1295149

n/a

.376 Steyr

14,33376

270

3,6288

52,8769

n/a

.378 Wby. Mag.

18,36513

300

4,6494

96,3986561

n/a

.38-40 Win.

13,4379

180

3,402

4,20303564

20,5410816

.38-55 Win.

13,4379

220

3,402

13,6937613

36,7369344

.38-55 Win.

12,54204

255

3,1752

12,8802705

n/a

.404 Jeffery

18,36513

400

4,6494

55,5885359

63,5983488

.405 Win.

14,33376

300

3,6288

41,4880292

62,0182656

.416 Rem. Mag.

17,9172

400

4,536

71,7227695

73,078848

.416 Rigby

17,9172

400

4,536

78,7730228

76,2390144

.416 Wby. Mag.

18,36513

400

4,6494

112,53289

90,0647424

.44-40 Win.

12,54204

200

3,1752

4,60978102

n/a

.44 Rem. Mag.

13,4379

240

3,402

15,185161

38,7120384

.44 Rem. Mag.

13,4379

275

3,402

15,4563246

39,1070592

.444 Marlin

13,4379

240

3,402

31,5905582

56,0929536

.444 Marlin

15,22962

265

3,8556

29,9635767

50,9576832

.45 Colt

14,33376

255

3,6288

5,42327179

22,1211648

.45 Colt +P

11,64618

250

2,9484

15,0495792

41,477184

.45-70

12,54204

300

3,1752

32,404049

58,4630784

.45-70

12,54204

350

3,1752

51,3855002

73,8688896

.45-70

13,4379

405

3,402

25,3537956

50,1676416

.450 Marlin

12,54204

350

3,1752

50,4364277

73,078848

.450 Marlin

15,22962

350

3,8556

45,5554831

63,203328

.458 Win. Mag.

16,12548

400

4,0824

56,5376084

68,3385984

.458 Win. Mag.

16,12548

500

4,0824

84,4674582

83,3493888

.458 Lott

17,9172

500

4,536

95,4495836

84,1394304

.460 Wby. Mag.

20,15685

500

5,103

135,039468

n/a

.470 N.E.

19,70892

500

4,9896

93,9581838

79,3991808

.480 Ruger

11,19825

325

2,835

22,2354144

51,352704

.500 N.E.

21,50064

570

5,4432

101,008437

n/a

.50 BMG

53,7516

647

13,608

94,9072564

48,5875584

Fuente: chuckhawks.com